Pharm Assist

 Absorption is defined as the movement of drug from the site of administration to the target site, through the bloodstream. The three main factors effecting the rate and extent at which a  drug is absorbed include the environment of the absorption site, chemical composition of drug and the route through which the drug is administered. Mechanism of drug absorption Drugs are absorbed from the Gastrointestinal Tract through a number of ways. These include diffusion(passive and facilitated), active transport or endocytosis. Passive diffusion Passive diffusion is carried out due to development of concentration gradient across a membrane. The drugs moves from the compartment having the higher concentration of drug to the one having the lower concentration. Passive diffusion does not requires the presence of a carrier. A large number of drugs are absorbed via passive diffusion. The water soluble drug components diffuse through aqueous channels whereas the lipid soluble drug...

Introduction A drug delivery system or dosage form is defined as the various means through which a drug is made to reach the specific target site in the body to perform its therapeutic actions. It is designed in such a way as to facilitate the provision of the drug components to the target site. Why is dosage form required? The need for designing a dosage form arises for many reasons which are summarized as follows: To ensure the safe and easy delivery of the drug to the active site. To provide the accurate dosage of the drug. To protect a drug from the harmful atmospheric effects such as oxidation and moisture. Drugs vulnerable of being effected by harmful effects of atmosphere are coated with a suitable protective agent allowing it to retain its efficacy. To provide an insoluble or unstable drug in liquid preparation such as suspensions. To mask the bitter, salty or undesirable taste or odor of any drug components. To provide a soluble drug in liquid preparation such as solut...

  The term used to define the process in pharmaceutical studies, involving the combination of chemical components, including the active drug and the excipients, for the production of a medicinal product, is known as formulation. The term formulation is sometimes also used to define a particular dosage form. Stages involved in the process of formulation: Study of pharmaceutical Drug Formulation involves the development of a preparation or formula of the drug that is the most stable and compatible with the patient's body, as well as fulfills the needs and therapeutic requirements of the patient.   The preparation of orally administered drugs usually involves the incorporation of drug material into a tablet or capsule. It is important to know that a tablet or capsule contains a number of chemical substances other than the active ingredient, and it is important to make sure that the compatibility of encapsulated drug with other components is in such a way that all the drug com...

The precise role of pharmacist in the health setting is altering and varies significantly from region to region. During the past few years, the profession of pharmacy has significantly expanded in terms of delivery of professional services and now has been recognized as an important profession in the multidisciplinary provision of health care. In contrast to the situation in developed countries, the pharmacists in Pakistan are still underutilized and their role as health care providers and professionals is not deemed important, either by the community or other health care providers. Although pharmacy profession in Pakistan is continuously evolving; the health care system of Pakistan has yet to recognize the role of Pharmacists. The pharmacist community of Pakistan is not able to fully execute their potentials and is still struggling for the recognition of the importance of their position in health care system. This lack of recognition is due to the lack of interaction of Pharmacists...